The underlying principles of an electric guitar are simple. Voltage is induced through the alteration of a magnetic field within which is found a coil of wire. All of this occurs within the pick-ups and is caused by the moving (vibrating, etc.) strings.
The most beneficial aspect of this operation for my purposes is that it requires no electrical power to work. The signal is generated through the conversion of physical movement to an AC Voltage.
Basic voltage induction theory will tell you that anytime a conductor gets exposed to a moving magnetic field a voltage will be induced.
The common ways to create a moving magnetic field are:
-Moving a magnet (shocking, i know)
-Expanding or collapsing a magnetic field (electromagnets need only apply for this one)
-or (as an electric guitar does through the use of metal strings) The movement of another conductor within the field.
The voltage created is a very weak Alternating Current. It is made stronger in this application by using a coil of wire so that the magnetic field has more wire in which to induce voltage. The amplifier that guitars are plugged into are required to -as one would guess- amplify the still rather weak current provided by the guitar and use it to drive speakers.
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